Traffic and Environmental Information
TRAFFIC: The behavior and movements of pedestrians and vehicles on highways.
HIGHWAY (ROAD): It is the strip of land, bridges and areas that are open to public use for traffic.
PASSAGE PRIVACY: While on duty, certain vehicle drivers are not bound by traffic restrictions and prohibitions, provided that they do not endanger the safety of life and property.
RIGHT OF WAY: It is the priority right of pedestrians or vehicle users when using the road.
STOPPING: Apart from all kinds of traffic obligations, it is the stopping of vehicles for a short period of time in order to unload and unload people, to load and unload goods or to wait.
PARKING: Leaving vehicles outside of situations where they need to stop or pause.
B) Descriptions Related to the Highway:
TWO-WAY HIGHWAY: It is the highway where the carriageway is used for vehicle traffic in both directions.
ONE-WAY HIGHWAY: It is a highway where the carriageway is used for vehicle traffic in only one direction.
DIVIDED HIGHWAY: It is a highway formed by separating the traffic road in one direction from the other road in a certain way with a separator.
ACCESS CONTROLLED HIGHWAY (Highway - Expressway): It is a highway that is specifically allocated to transit traffic, entry and exit are prohibited except in certain places and conditions, pedestrians, animals and non-motorized vehicles cannot enter, but permitted motor vehicles can use it and traffic is subject to special control.
ACCESS ROAD: It is the part of the highway built for vehicles to enter and exit a property.
CONNECTION ROAD: It is the highway located outside the intersection area that enables the connection of highway vehicles near an intersection.
BANKET: It is the part between the roadside and the inner upper edge of the slope or ditch on a highway where pedestrian paths are not reserved, and which is normally used by pedestrians and animals, and can be used by vehicles in cases of necessity.
PLATFORM: It is the part of the highway consisting of a vehicle road (pavement) and a pedestrian path (pavement) or shoulder.
INTERSECTION: It is the common area formed by the intersection or merger of two or more highways.
SECONDARY ROAD: In general, it is a road that is less important than the road to which it connects in terms of traffic density.
MAIN ROAD: It is the highway that is open to main traffic and is designated with signs where the traffic on the highway that cuts it off must give the first right of way when passing or entering this road.
SCHOOL CROSSING: In general, it is the area around pre-school, primary and secondary schools, separated from the highway and designated with a traffic sign, especially for students to pass.
RAILWAY CROSSING (level crossing): These are barrier-free or barrier-free crossings where the highway and the railway intersect at the same level.
C) Definitions Regarding Vehicles:
AUTOMOBILE: By its structure, it is a motor vehicle that has a maximum of seven seats other than the driver and is manufactured to transport people. Those that carry passengers by taximeter or tariff are called "taxi cars", and those that carry passengers for a fee per person are called "dolmus cars".
MINIBUS: It is a motor vehicle that has eight to fourteen seats other than the driver and is manufactured to transport people.
BUS: By its structure, it is a motor vehicle that has at least fifteen seats other than the driver and is manufactured to transport people. Trolleybuses also enter this class.
PICKUP: A motor vehicle with a maximum allowable loaded weight not exceeding 3500 kg and manufactured to carry loads.
TRUCK: Motor vehicles with a maximum allowable loaded weight of more than 3500 kg and manufactured to carry loads.
TOWER: Motor vehicles that are manufactured to tow trailers and semi-trailers and do not carry loads.
OFF-ROAD VEHICLE: It is a motor vehicle that is manufactured to carry passengers and cargo on highways, but all its wheels are or can be powered by the engine.
GABARI: It is the measurement that determines the length, width and height of vehicles in order to ensure their safe navigation on the highway, loaded or unloaded. (Width:2.5 m ; Height:4 m)
MAXIMUM WEIGHT: The maximum loaded weight that the vehicle can carry safely.
AXLE WEIGHT: It is the weight transferred to the highway structure from the wheels attached to the same axle in the vehicle. (Single axle: 10 tons, two axles 18 tons)
D) MOVEMENTS OF THE TRAFFIC POLICE
Depending on the stance and position of the traffic police, if the police is at attention or has his arms open, the front and back of the traffic police are closed to traffic, while the right and left sides are open to traffic. If the traffic policeman raises one of his hands in the air, all roads are closed to traffic.
E) LIGHT TRAFFIC SIGN DEVICES
1) Red light: Indicates that the road is closed to traffic. If there is no sign to the contrary, one must stop and wait.
2) Yellow light: It means warning. If it comes on with a red light, get ready and the road is about to be opened to traffic. If it comes on with a green light, the road is about to be closed to traffic.
3) Green light: Indicates that the road is open to traffic.
4) Intermittent light: Red means stop, yellow means pass with caution.
5) Written and audible light: It regulates pedestrian traffic according to vehicle traffic and appeals to pedestrians.
F) ROAD LINES Continuous road lines:
It determines that on two-lane and two-way highways, lanes cannot be changed and vehicles in front cannot be passed on the approach of places such as curves, hilltops, intersections, pedestrian and school crossings, railway crossings, narrow bridges and tunnels.
Broken road lines: Indicates that drivers can change lanes to pass vehicles in front, when appropriate to the road and traffic conditions, provided that they comply with traffic rules. Continuous and broken road lines: In places where there are continuous and broken road lines drawn side by side, drivers act according to the meaning of the line closest to them at the beginning of the maneuver. Two continuous lines side by side: Since this line makes the road a divided road, it is not possible to enter the lanes used by the opposite direction along this line. .NOTE: A person can drive for 5 hours continuously and for another 4 hours after half an hour of rest. In 24 hours, a person can drive for a total of 9 hours. NOTE: Those who drive while drunk will be given fines, points and a 3-month traffic ban. Drug users are constantly banned from traffic, fined and imprisoned. NOTE: Those who fill in 100 error points within a year will be banned from traffic for 2 months, those who fill in 100 error points twice in the same year will be banned from traffic for 4 months, and those who fill in 3 times will be banned from traffic completely. G) RULES FOR USE OF THE HIGHWAY Highways are places that benefit all segments of the society, are open to the public, and therefore the rules, restrictions and prohibitions must be followed. The flow of traffic on our highways is from the right. Unless there is a sign or provision to the contrary, vehicle drivers must comply with the following rules. Drivers: 1- To drive their vehicles on the right side of the road according to the direction of travel, as much as the situation allows. 2- If the road is multi-lane, go in the lane required by the speed according to the traffic situation. 3- Before changing lanes, wait for the vehicles to pass safely in the lane you are going to travel to. 4- Not changing lanes in a way that would disrupt or endanger traffic. 5- Not always occupying the leftmost lane of the reserved road section. 6- On two-way, four or more lane roads, those driving vehicles other than motorcycles, cars, pickup trucks, minibuses and buses must follow the rightmost lane except passing and turning. In addition, drivers;
1- Lane changes other than passing, stopping, pausing, turning and parking. 2- Using two lanes at once. 3- Driving in lanes that are not suitable for the type and speed of the vehicles. 4- When approaching intersections, change lanes within 30 meters inside residential areas and 150 meters outside. 5- It is forbidden to change lanes without giving a signal. H) SPEED RULES Unless there is a sign to the contrary, the maximum speed limits for vehicle types without trailers outside and inside residential areas are shown below. TYPE OF VEHICLE In residential areas Outside residential areas 50km/h 90km/h in cars 50km/h 80km/h for buses, minibuses, trucks and pickup trucks 50km/h 70km/h for off-road vehicles and motorcycles 30km/h, 50km/h for dangerous goods carriers and vehicles entering the highway with a special load transport permit or special permit 30km/h 50km/h for motor bikes and bicycles 20km/h 20km/h for tractors, vehicles pulling a broken down vehicle and construction equipment Note: If a trailer is attached to a vehicle without a trailer, the speed of the vehicle is 10 km per hour. should be lower.Following distance: It is the distance between two moving vehicles. Following distance is half the speed. For example, the following distance of a vehicle with a speed of 90km/h should be 45m. Note: The distance traveled by a vehicle in 2 seconds is the following distance. I) RULE OF PASSING THE VEHICLE IN FRONT For drivers to pass the vehicle in front of them: Another driver coming from behind has not started to pass, The driver in front of him did not give a warning sign indicating his intention to overtake another vehicle.
Taking into account the speed of the vehicle it will pass and its own speed while passing, the lane to be used for passing must be clear and open to view far enough without causing danger or obstruction to all road users, including oncoming traffic on both roads,
It is mandatory for them to ensure that the crossing does not create any difficulties for the vehicles being passed and that their vehicles are in a suitable condition for this crossing.
J) PLACES WHERE PASSING THE VEHICLE IN FRONT IS PROHIBITED
Drivers;
In places where passing is prohibited by any traffic sign,
It is forbidden to pass the vehicles in front of them on bridges, tunnels, intersections, railway crossings, on hills and bends where visibility is poor.
Right turns:
to give a turn signal,
Entering the right lane or the lane where turning is permitted,
to reduce speed,
They are forced to turn in a narrow curve.
Left turns:
to give a turn signal,
Approaching to the left of the section of the road reserved for traffic,
to reduce speed,
Before starting the turn, give the first right of way to vehicles coming from the right, if any,
During the turn, wait for oncoming vehicles to pass that are too close to the intersection to stop safely,
To enter the section of the road reserved for traffic, to make a wide curve in order not to obstruct other vehicles coming from behind and turning left,
When turning, they are obliged to give the first right of way to pedestrians who cross the street in accordance with the rules and to bicycles on the bicycle path, if any.
Vehicle drivers:
1- Going back on connection roads,
2- Reverse on one-way roads, except for a stop or parking maneuver,
3- Reversing on two-way road sections that are too narrow for two vehicles to pass safely, except for the convenience of meeting and passing,
4- Changing lanes other than maneuvering when reversing on wider roads,
5- It is forbidden to turn back on roads with heavy traffic.
At intersections where there are no traffic police, illuminated traffic signal devices or traffic signs;
1- All vehicles give priority to vehicles with right-of-way while on duty.
2- All drivers should look towards vehicles passing on the road with a tram line passing by,
3- Drivers entering the divided road, looking at the vehicles passing on this road,
4- Drivers exiting the secondary road, drivers on the main road,
5- Drivers outside the roundabout, vehicles inside the roundabout,
6- Drivers entering the highway from a trail or property must give the first right of way to vehicles on the highway.
K) PASSAGE SUPERIORITY:
It refers to the fact that certain vehicle drivers are not bound by traffic restrictions and prohibitions while on duty, provided that they do not endanger the safety of life and property.
1- Ambulances
2- Fire trucks
3- Police vehicles
4- Civil defense vehicles
5- Protective and protected vehicles
NOTE: Vehicles with right of way must have lights visible from 150 meters. They must have sirens that can be heard from 150 meters away.
NOTE: Vehicles with yellow top lights do not have right of way. They install yellow headlights on vehicles to make themselves visible, and other drivers also drive more carefully.
L) PLACES WHERE PAUSE IS PROHIBITED:
1- In places where a traffic sign indicates that stopping is prohibited.
2- In the left lane (except for roads with rail systems).
3- Pedestrian and school crossings and other crossings.
4- At intersections, tunnels, ramps and connection roads, and within 5 meters within settlements, and 100 meters outside settlements.
5- In places near the tops of hills and around bends where visibility is not sufficient.
6- Next to stopped or parked vehicles.
7- At bus and taxi stops.
8- A distance of 15 meters from signboards within the residential area and 100 meters from outside the residential area, except in the direction of approach and in areas where parking permits are given.
9- It is forbidden to stop on the road on highways outside residential areas, except in cases of necessity.
M) PLACES WHERE PARKING IS PROHIBITED:
NOTE: Wherever stopping is prohibited, parking is also prohibited.
N) USING VEHICLE LIGHTS:
a) Far-seeing lights (high beam headlights): It is mandatory to turn on far-seeing lights when navigating at night on highways outside residential areas, entering tunnels that are not sufficiently illuminated, and in similar places and situations.
b) Near-indicating lights (low beam headlights): It is mandatory to turn on near-indicating lights when following a vehicle in encounters on highways outside residential areas at night, until they are next to each other while passing a vehicle, and in residential areas, and during daytime in foggy, rainy and similar weather that reduces visibility. .
NOTE: 25 m with low beam. , main beams 100 m. illuminates the future.
Principles regarding the use of lights:
1- Using turn lights to mean "pass",
2- Driving with only the parking lights on,
3- Turning off the lights during matches,
4- Installing and using lights contrary to the principles stated in the regulations,
5- Fog lights; Use at the same time as near and far lights, except in fog, snow, heavy rain and at night,
6- It is forbidden to use the lights installed in accordance with the principles of the regulation for purposes other than intended and unnecessary.
O) TOWING OF DEFECTIVE VEHICLES:
1- Towing vehicles whose brakes are not faulty: - Towing is done with a towing rope, towing chain or towing bar. - The length of the towing rope is maximum 5m. - The length of the rope should be 2.5m. If it passes, a red reflector must be connected. - The speed must be 20km per hour.
2- Towing vehicles with faulty brakes: - It must be towed with a tow bar. - The length of the anchor must be maximum 1m. Must be.- Speed is 15km per hour. should not pass.
NOTE: In both cases, passengers and cargo should not be carried.
P) PRINCIPLES FOR OPERATING A SCHOOL VEHICLE:
1- When the "STOP" sign of the school vehicle is turned on, all other vehicles will stop and the school vehicle will not be passed until the student loading and unloading process is completed.
2- The "STOP" sign will only be lit during the student loading and unloading process, this light will not be lit together with the light that comes on when the brake is pressed.
3- Number of students exceeding the transportation limit will not be loaded onto school vehicles.
4- A guidance counselor or person will be present in the school vehicle to ensure order in the vehicle and to assist the student in getting on and off the vehicle.
5- Glass and windows through which students can easily grow will be fixed.
NOTE: 30cm behind school vehicles. There should be a red stop light in diameter.
NOTE: If there is incorrect parking, the vehicle driver or owner pays for it. NOTE: Trucks, buses and tractors cannot park in the city center.
R) TRANSPORTATION OF DANGEROUS MATERIALS:
Vehicles carrying dangerous goods are within 30km of the city. 50km outside the city. It can go fast. (If empty, at the speed of its own class)
NOTE: During filling or discharging, keep away from sparking objects at most 30m. approaches, parking is 20m away. following distance 50m. NOTE: 6kg in vehicles carrying dangerous goods. Two fire extinguishers and a flashlight inside the tanker during cleaning must also have a 6-volt battery.
NOTE: Another watchman must be present in case of malfunction.
S) HIGHWAY RULES:
Access-controlled highway: It is a highway that is exclusively allocated to transit traffic, where entry and exit are prohibited except in certain places and conditions, where pedestrians, animals and non-motorized vehicles cannot enter, but permitted motor vehicles can use it and traffic is subject to special control. Entry or exit to the highway is prohibited from everywhere. You can only enter or exit these places from special places, which are called "acceleration lane" at the entrance and "deceleration lane" at the exit. Stopping, parking, reversing, and returning are PROHIBITED.
T) TRAFFIC PARTICIPATION AND REGISTRATION PROCEDURES FOR MOTOR VEHICLES:
Vehicle owners must register their vehicles with the authorized registration institution in accordance with the principles specified in the regulation and obtain a registration certificate.
1- Vehicle owners who purchase or clear from customs a vehicle that is required to be registered and has not been registered before:->They must apply to the authorized registration institution in writing with the necessary information and documents within three months from the date of purchase or customs clearance.
2- Vehicle drivers who purchase or transfer registered vehicles with a NOTARY deed must apply to the authorized registration institution within one month with the necessary information and documents in order to register the vehicle in their name.
3- Vehicles that are registered and have a registration certificate must also obtain a TRAFFIC DOCUMENT and REGISTRATION PLATES in order to be able to go on the highway.
4- The vehicle cannot go to traffic without having the registration certificate, traffic document and registration plates on the vehicle ready and in appropriate condition.
5- In order for vehicles whose registration procedures are delayed to be temporarily put on the road and used on the highway: It is mandatory to obtain a temporary traffic document and temporary traffic plates.
6- Registration plates must be kept on the vehicle and in appropriate condition, and the rear license plates must be illuminated and clean so that they can be read from a distance of 20 meters when the lights are turned on.
7- It is mandatory to have FINANCIAL LIABILITY INSURANCE against situations such as operating a motor vehicle and being involved in any accident.
8- Motor vehicle drivers: During the inspection and control by the traffic police, they must show a) driving license, b) registration documents, c) traffic document, d) financial liability insurance policy and registration plates.
9- Vehicle owners must apply to the relevant registration institution with a petition within 1 month from the date of scrapping to delete the registration of the vehicles they have scrapped due to the end of their economic life, accident, fire, destruction or similar reasons.
U) INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS AND DURATIONS OF VEHICLES:
-Private automobiles and all kinds of trailers: -After the first 3 years of age after being put on traffic and every 2 years thereafter.
-Trailers with official and commercial license plates and all types thereof: Once a year after the first 2 years of age, starting from the first traffic.
-Rubber-tired tractors and all kinds of trailers thereof: At the end of the first 3 years of age and every 3 years thereafter, starting from the first entry into traffic.
-All other motor vehicles and their trailers are subject to periodic inspection at the end of the first year of life and every year thereafter.
Even if the inspection period of the motor vehicle has not expired; - Vehicles that have been inspected by the authorized police as a result of being involved in an accident,
-Vehicles that have been modified are also subject to special inspection.
Any changes to be made on the vehicle as specified in the regulation must be notified by the vehicle owner to the authorized registration institution within 30 days. )
Those who have taken drugs or recreational drugs: - They are banned from driving immediately. - They are punished with fines and imprisonment by court decision, and their driver's license is revoked indefinitely.
V) FUNDAMENTAL DEFECTS:
Running a red light. Not obeying the stop warning of the traffic police.
Raping the lane.
Hitting a vehicle from behind.
Driving from the lane and road section coming from the opposite direction.
Overtaking vehicles without following overtaking rules.
Not following the return rules.
Not complying with the right of priority on narrow roads.
Parking on intercity roads.
NOTE: Driving under the influence of alcohol, driving over the speed limit, and driving without a license are NOT PRINCIPAL DEFECTS.
Y) ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION:
NOTE: Catalytic converter; It reduces the toxicity of poisonous gases.
NOTE: The plant community of a region is called flora, and the animal community is called fauna.
NOTE: Between 3.5% and 4.5% carbon monoxide can be released from the exhaust.