FIRST AID INFORMATION
It is the first procedure applied in dangerous and sudden situations. In case of any accident or life-threatening situation, the practices performed without medication in order to save life or prevent the situation from getting worse until the help of medical personnel is provided are called first aid.
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF FIRST AID?
1. Protecting and sustaining life
2. Preventing the situation from worsening
3. Facilitate healing
WHAT ARE THE FEATURES OF A FIRST AID?
1.Must be calm and unhurried.
2. The patient should be calmed down.
3.Evaluate the environment and determine whether there is an ongoing danger.
4.He should not endanger his own life safety.
5. Organize the surrounding people to notify health institutions, fire brigade and security.
6.Assess the patient's condition and start appropriate first aid.
7.The patient should be ensured to reach the health institution as soon as possible.
WHAT A FIRST AIDER SHOULD DO
1.Opening the airway.
2. Correction of breathing.
3. Ensuring the efficiency of circulation.
HOW TO OPEN THE AIRWAY?
1. If there is dust, soil, broken dentures and foreign objects in the mouth, they are removed.
2. In unconscious people, the tongue may fall back and block the airway. In this case, the head is pushed back and the chin is lifted up to open the respiratory tract.
HOW TO CORRECT THE RESPIRATORY ROAD? (ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION)
Artificial respiration should be applied immediately to the person who has stopped breathing.
1.The patient is laid on a hard surface.
2. The inside of the mouth is cleaned and foreign objects, if any, are removed.
3.The head is slightly pushed back by lifting the chin up.
4. If mouth-to-mouth breathing is to be done, the nose is closed. If breathing is to be done through the nose, the mouth is closed.
5. Take a deep breath and place the mouthpiece over the mouth (or nose) of the person to be breathed.
6. Inhale loudly enough to make the patient's chest rise.
HOW TO ENSURE THE EFFICIENCY OF CIRCULATION? (HEART MESSAGE)
1. If the heart has stopped, the heart message starts immediately.
2. The patient is laid on a hard surface and kneeled on one side.
3. FOREIGN BODY, BONE PIECE, ETC. IN THE WOUND. MUST NOT BE REMOVED
4. The palm of one hand is placed tightly on the lower third of the breastbone (the board of faith), and the palm of the other hand is placed on top of it. Fingers should not touch the patient.
5. Keeping the arms upright (without bending the wrists and elbows), press 4-5 cm to the chest in a steady and rhythmic manner.
6. Check the pulse from time to time and continue until circulation begins, 60 times per minute.
FIRST AID RULES TO BE APPLIED IN CASE OF FAUNKING
1. Clothes are loosened from the neck, chest and abdomen.
2. To ensure blood flow to the patient's brain, the patient is laid on his back on a flat surface, his feet are lifted up, and then he is kept in the shock position. Never place a pillow under your head.
3. The patient is made to smell stimulating scents. (Ammonia etc.)
4. The patient is expected to recover without difficulty.
5.When he comes to, drinks such as water and tea should be given little by little.
FIRST AID FOR CHEST INJURIES
1. The injured person is placed in a semi-sitting position
2. To prevent air from filling the lungs, the open wound is covered with a clean cloth and wrapped without pressure.
3. Heat loss of the victim is prevented.
FIRST AID FOR ABDOMINAL INJURIES
1. The patient is not given food or drink orally.
2. The injured person is laid on his back with his head slightly elevated and a rolled blanket placed under his knees.
3. If any organ is protruding, it should never be touched. If there is a large gauze, it is wetted with physiological saline and covered over the organs without applying pressure.
4.The injured person is referred without delay.
FIRST AID FOR EXHAUST POISONING
1.The patient is immediately taken out to fresh air.
2. Those who are not fully conscious are given deep breathing in fresh air.
3.Artificial respiration is applied to patients who are unconscious or have difficulty breathing.
4. It is covered to prevent the body temperature from falling.
5.The patient is sent to the health center as quickly as possible.
FIRST AID FOR DIGESTIVE POISONING
1.To dilute the poison and slow down its absorption, patients are given; drink water with milk, egg white, starch solution
2. Vomiting is helped.
3. In acid poisoning, the patient is never forced to vomit. Water and milk are mixed with egg whites and drunk.
4. In cases of alkali poisoning: 500ml prepared with 1/4 vinegar. drink water or lemon juice.
HOW TO GIVE FIRST AID IN BLEEDING?
1.The bleeding limb (arm, leg, etc.) is elevated.
2. A clean gauze, tissue or piece of laundry is placed on the wound and pressed firmly.
3. If bleeding does not stop, a bandage is applied 5 cm above the bleeding area.
HOW TO GIVE FIRST AID FOR NOSE BLEEDING?
1. The head of the person with nose bleeding leans forward slightly.
2.The patient puts pressure on the nose
3. During this time, he breathes through his mouth and never blows his nose.
IN CASE OF NOSE BLEEDING, THE PATIENT'S HEAD SHOULD NOT BE RAISED BACKWARDS.
HOW TO GIVE FIRST AID IN ELECTRIC SHOCK?
1.The first aider ensures his own safety first.
2. Contact of the electric current with the injured person is interrupted. The injured person should not be touched before this is done.
3. The patient is saved from the current by pulling or pushing the cable using electrically impermeable materials such as dry pieces of wood and tires.
4. If breathing has stopped, artificial respiration is started, if the heart has stopped, heart message is started.
5. If there is a burn, wash it with cold water.
HOW TO GIVE FIRST AID FOR FRACTURES?
1. The patient cannot be shaken or moved.
2. If there is bleeding, it is stopped.
3. Before the patient is transported, the fracture area is immobilized. (Hard objects such as wood can be used for this.)
4. If there is an open fracture (if the fracture ends are visible), the broken bone fragments are never touched and no attempt is made to place them. A clean gauze is covered over the wound.
HOW TO GIVE FIRST AID FOR BURNS?
1. Pain is reduced with cold tap water.
2. The patient's jewelry is removed. (It may be difficult to remove due to swelling that may occur later.)
3. The resulting bubbles are not popped.
4. The burned parts are covered with clean gauze and nothing is applied.
5. If the patient is conscious, he/she is given plenty of water to drink.
SUBSTANCES SUCH AS TOOTHPASTE, PASTE, AND YOGHURT SHOULD NEVER BE APPLIED ON THE BURN SURFACE.
HOW TO GIVE FIRST AID FOR INJURIES?
1. If there is bleeding, it is checked.
2. Contamination of the wound is prevented.
3. The broken part, if any, is preserved. (It is wrapped in a wet gauze and placed in a nylon bag, which is then placed in another bag filled with ice.)